Overview
The Engine Combustion Network (ECN) hydrogen research community established standardized target operating conditions at the ECN9 workshop (Naples, Italy, September 2023) to enable collaborative experimental and computational studies of hydrogen direct injection, and continued to refine these conditions based upon data availability before ECN10. These conditions were selected to represent low-pressure direct-injection (LPDI) applications relevant to heavy-duty, off-road, and stationary hydrogen engines while remaining accessible to ECN participating facilities worldwide.
Standard Condition, Injection and Ambient Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Injection Pressure | 20 bar absolute | Low-pressure direct-injection focus |
| Injector | Bosch HDEV4 | Piezo-actuated, outward-opening |
| Hydrogen Purity | >99.98% | Commercial grade hydrogen |
| Hydrogen Temperature | 298 K | Room temperature |
| Injection Duration | 2 ms | Electronic control |
| Injection Voltage | 160 V | using at least 6 A current |
| Ambient Pressure | 1 bar absolute | |
| Ambient Gas | Nitrogen | also at 298 K |
| Rate of Injection vs time | ECN10_hdev4PintleLiftAndROI.csv | the steady rate of injection is ~0.4 mg/ms, from KAUST dataset |
| Pintle lift vs time | ECN10_hdev4PintleLiftAndROI.csv | the maximum pintle lift is approx. 0.054 mm at 160 V, but is larger at higher voltage |
Secondary Conditions, Injection and Ambient Parameters, with priorities listed
| Parameter | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Injection Pressure | 50 bar, 30 bar absolute | priority given |
| Ambient Gas Pressure | 2 bar absolute | |
| Temperature | 298 K | Room temperature |
Researchers interested in contributing data or accessing the experimental database should contact the ECN hydrogen topic organizers.