Diffused backlit illumination with long-distance microscopy shows outer boundary of spray development, while x-ray radiography provides quantitative liquid volume fraction. Operating conditions are the Spray A operating condition unless specified otherwise, using Injector 210675. Please reference SAE paper from Pickett, Manin, Kastengren, and Powell (2014)(full reference).
| Long-distance microscopy | Long-distance microscopy | Intermittency | Liquid Volume Fraction | Liquid Volume Fraction | |
| Description | long-distance microscopy | LDM near the injector over [0 0.3] intensity range, showing a transparent liquid core very near the injector. Supports radiography measurements showing LVF = 1 at 0.1 mm. | LDM converted to optical thickness with intermittency boundary at 1.0 opt. thickness | x-ray radiography derived liquid volume fraction, rotating perspective with “transparency” | x-ray radiography derived liquid volume fraction, “fly-through” in z direction |
| Frame period [µs] | 6.66 | 6.66 | 6.66 | – | – |
| Movies: Play or right-click to download mp4 | Original LDM | Original LDM | Optical thickness | radiography LVF rotating | Z-direction fly through LVF |
| References (update when SAE paper complete) | Manin et al. (2012) | Kastengren et al. (2012) |